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dir
SpartaDOS X prompt.png

The SpartaDOS X DIR command
Developer(s) DEC, DR, Intel, Cromemco, MetaComCo, Microsoft, IBM, Datalight, ICD, Inc.
Operating system CP/M, MP/M, ISIS-II, iRMX 86, CDOS, TRIPOS, DOS, MSX-DOS, SISNE plus, 4690 OS, OS/2, Windows, Singularity, ReactOS, AROS, VMS, RT-11, RSX-11, OS/8
Platform Cross-platform
Type Command
License CP/M, MP/M: BSD-like
MS-DOS: MIT
ReactOS: GPL

In computing, dir (directory) is a command in various computer operating systems used for computer file and directory listing.[1] It is one of the basic commands to help navigate the file system. The command is usually implemented as an internal command in the command-line interpreter (shell). On some systems, a more graphical representation of the directory structure can be displayed using the tree command.

Implementations [edit]

The command is available in the command-line interface (CLI) of the operating systems Digital Research CP/M,[2] MP/M,[3] Intel ISIS-II,[4] iRMX 86,[5] Cromemco CDOS,[6] MetaComCo TRIPOS,[7] DOS, IBM/Toshiba 4690 OS,[8] IBM OS/2,[9] Microsoft Windows,[10] Singularity, Datalight ROM-DOS,[11] ReactOS,[12] GNU,[13] AROS[14] and in the DCL command-line interface used on DEC VMS, RT-11 and RSX-11. It is also supplied with OS/8 as a CUSP (Commonly-Used System Program).

The dir command is supported by Tim Paterson's SCP 86-DOS.[15] On MS-DOS, the command is available in versions 1 and later.[16] It is also available in the open source MS-DOS emulator DOSBox. MS-DOS prompts "Abort, Retry, Fail?" after being commanded to list a directory with no diskette in the drive.

The numerical computing environments MATLAB and GNU Octave include a dir function with similar functionality.[17] [18]

Examples [edit]

DOS, Windows, ReactOS [edit]

List all files and directories in the current working directory. 

dir

List any text files and batch files (filename extension ".txt" or ".bat"). 

dir *.txt *.bat

Recursively list all files and directories in the specified directory and any subdirectories, in wide format, pausing after each screen of output. The directory name is enclosed in double-quotes, to prevent it from being interpreted is as two separate command-line options because it contains a whitespace character. 

dir /s /w /p "C:\My Documents"

List any NTFS junction points: 

C:\Users>dir /ash Volume in drive C is OS. Volume Serial Number is xxxx-xxxx Directory of C:\Users 12/07/2019  02:30 AM    <SYMLINKD>     All Users [C:\ProgramData] 12/07/2019  02:30 AM    <JUNCTION>     Default User [C:\Users\Default] 12/07/2019  02:12 AM               174 desktop.ini               1 File(s)            174 bytes               2 Dir(s)  332,659,789,824 bytes free

Unices [edit]

dir is not a Unix command; Unix has the analogous ls command instead. The GNU operating system, however, has a dir command that "is equivalent to ls -C -b; that is, by default files are listed in columns, sorted vertically, and special characters are represented by backslash escape sequences".[19]Actually, for compatibility reasons, ls produces device-dependent output. The dir instruction, unlike ls -Cb, produces device-independent output.

See also [edit]

  • Directory (OpenVMS command)
  • List of DOS commands
  • ls (corresponding command for *nix systems)

References [edit]

  1. ^ Rügheimer, Hannes; Spanik, Christian (October 22, 1988). "AmigaDOS quick reference". Grand Rapids, Mi : Abacus – via Internet Archive.
  2. ^ "Operating manual" (PDF). cpm.z80.de. Retrieved 2019-10-22 .
  3. ^ Digital Research (1981-09-25). MP/M-86 Operating System - User's Guide (PDF) (1 ed.). Pacific Grove, CA, USA: Digital Research. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-01-04. Retrieved 2017-01-04 .
  4. ^ ISIS II Users Guide
  5. ^ iRMX™86 INTRODUCTION AND OPERATOR'S REFERENCE MANUAL For Release 6
  6. ^ CDOS USER'S MANUAL
  7. ^ "Introduction to Tripos" (PDF) . Retrieved 2019-10-22 .
  8. ^ [1] [ dead link ]
  9. ^ "JaTomes Help - OS/2 Commands". www.jatomes.com.
  10. ^ "MS-DOS and Windows command line dir command". www.computerhope.com.
  11. ^ "Datalight ROM-DOS User's Guide" (PDF). www.datalight.com.
  12. ^ "GitHub - reactos/reactos: A free Windows-compatible Operating System". October 22, 2019 – via GitHub.
  13. ^ "GNU Coreutils Manual". Free Software Foundation.
  14. ^ "AROS Research Operating System". aros.sourceforge.net.
  15. ^ 86-DOS - Disk Operating System for the 8086 - User's Manual (PDF). Version 0.3 (Preliminary ed.). Seattle, Washington, USA: Seattle Computer Products, Inc. 1980. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-07-14. Retrieved 2019-07-14 . (59 pages)
  16. ^ Wolverton, Van (2003). Running MS-DOS Version 6.22 (20th Anniversary Edition), 6th Revised edition. Microsoft Press. ISBN0-7356-1812-7.
  17. ^ "List folder contents - MATLAB dir". www.mathworks.com.
  18. ^ "Function Reference: dir". octave.sourceforge.io.
  19. ^ dir invocation (GNU coreutils) at www.gnu.org

Further reading [edit]

  • Wolverton, Van (1990). MS-DOS Commands: Microsoft Quick Reference, 4th Revised edition . Microsoft Press. ISBN978-1556152894.
  • Kathy Ivens; Brian Proffit (1993). OS/2 Inside & Out. Osborne McGraw-Hill. ISBN978-0078818714.
  • Frisch, Æleen (2001). Windows 2000 Commands Pocket Reference. O'Reilly. ISBN978-0-596-00148-3.

External links [edit]

  • dir | Microsoft Docs
  • Open source DIR implementation that comes with MS-DOS v2.0
  • Dir command syntax and examples

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dir_%28command%29

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